ABSTRACT
Ocular toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, inducing retinochoroiditis. It is the leading cause of infectiousposterior uveitis worldwide. Its treatment is based on oral drug administration. However, the blood–ocular barriersystems make the penetration of therapeutic drug concentrations within the eye difficult, limiting the effectiveness oftreatments. In this context, ocular drug delivery systems represent therapeutic alternative for the treatment of oculartoxoplasmosis. In this study, a review of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and perspectives regardingthe treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis was conducted. A search was carried out on ScienceDirect, Scopus, Webof Science, PubMed, and SciELO, and the following keywords were used: toxoplasmosis, ocular toxoplasmosis,toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, and congenital toxoplasmosis; and Boolean operators, associated with other keywords,such as epidemiology, ocular toxoplasmosis diagnosis, ocular toxoplasmosis treatment, and ocular toxoplasmosisperspectives, were applied. In conclusion, ocular toxoplasmosis still lacks effective treatment. Therefore, it is essentialto develop new molecules and/or new drug delivery systems capable of releasing therapeutic doses of anti-Toxoplasmadrugs directly in the posterior segment of the eye, for an extended period, since complications resulting from thedisease may shorten the productive life of individuals and may even lead to blindness
ABSTRACT
Cervical-facial radiotherapy causes innumerable sequelae, being systemic or restricted to the oral environment. Theoral mucosa of these patients is profoundly compromised by radiotherapeutic treatment with or without chemotherapy,presenting several complications. Dentifrices containing sodium lauryl sulfate cause damage, as they lead to drynessof the mucosa. The objective of this work was to develop a dentifrice capable of minimizing xerostomia related toa lower abrasive effect, which was intended for hygiene, prevention of caries, control of dental biofilm, and toothsensitivity in cancer patients. The qualitative composition and physicochemical characteristics of ten dentifrices wereanalyzed, which enabled the preparation of the proposed formulation (PF) that was analyzed periodically for 180days. The quantitative analysis of spreadability not only indicated favorable behavior of the PF in relation to thepackaging and storage conditions but also revealed the need to raise the propylene glycol concentration in the PF toavoid the occurrence of syneresis after 60 days. Furthermore, pH data showed that the PF is compatible with the pHof oral homeostasis thus avoiding the occurrence of dental demineralization. It is suggested that the PF has a singularcomposition and physicochemical quality to be used as a suitable dentifrice for patients undergoing anticancer therapy